Yapahuwa: Exploring the Ancient Rock Fortress of Sri Lanka By Bhanuka – eLanka Yapahuwa is one of Sri Lanka’s most intriguing ancient sites, known for its majestic rock fortress and rich history as a former capital of the island. Nestled in the North Western Province, about 150 kilometers northeast of Colombo, Yapahuwa offers a unique glimpse into the country’s medieval past. The site, though lesser-known compared to other ancient capitals like Anuradhapura and Polonnaruwa, is a treasure trove of history, architecture, and culture. Historical Background Yapahuwa was the capital of Sri Lanka for a brief period during the 13th century, serving as a royal residence and military stronghold. The fortress was built by King Bhuvanaikabahu I (1273-1284) to protect the Sacred Tooth Relic of the Buddha, which symbolized the legitimacy of the king’s rule. This strategic location on a 90-meter-high rock provided natural defenses against invaders, particularly from South India. ...