Metabolic Syndrome is highly prevalent among the population of Sri Lanka. – By Dr Harold Gunatillake
An overview of the conditions, their causes, and preventive measures.
A common finding in Sri Lanka today is that many people visibly carry pot-bellies as if it were no one’s business. They appear remarkably indifferent to the consequences of possessing such a ‘time bomb’.
Let’s first define metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions that occur together, increasing the risk of heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes. These conditions
include raised blood pressure, high blood sugar levels, excess body fat around the waist, and abnormal cholesterol or triglyceride levels. Having just one of these conditions doesn’t mean you have metabolic syndrome, but it does heighten your risk of severe disease.
Now, what do we understand by the term metabolic health, and what are its five signs?
The five criteria for metabolic health are waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose levels, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. Avoiding sugary and processed foods is a good starting point for achieving metabolic health.
This is part of modern life, where people indulge in ultra-rich foods and frequently visit restaurants and street food. Such lifestyles are a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and stroke.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), such as heart disease and stroke, are leading causes of death worldwide, with a more significant burden in low- and middle-income countries like Sri Lanka compared to developed nations. Obesity and diabetes are also important risk factors for CVDs, and their prevalence is increasing in many regions of the globe.
The early identification of this alarming disease is essential for effective prevention.
Key indicators are:
Elevated waist circumference ( varies by population and gender) High fasting blood sugar levels (over 100mg fasting)
High blood pressure (over 130/85 mmHg). Elevated triglycerides ( over 150 mg/dL).
Low HDL (less than 40mg/dL for men, 50 mg/dL for women).
Causes and Risk Factors
The exact cause of metabolic syndrome is unknown, but it is closely linked to obesity and inactivity. Several factors increase the risk of developing metabolic syndrome, including:
- Age: The risk increases with
- Ethnicity: Certain ethnic groups, such as South Asians, including Sri Lankans, are at higher
- Obesity: Particularly abdominal
- Diabetes: Having a history of diabetes or a family history of type 2 diabetes.
- Other Diseases: Conditions such as cardiovascular disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, or polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
Unfortunately, there are no early symptoms to worry about when seeing your doctor, as this is a lifestyle condition rather than a definitive early disease.
Diagnosis
To diagnose metabolic syndrome, healthcare providers look for the presence of at least three of the following criteria:
- Waist circumference:
Greater than 40 inches (102 cm) in men and 35 inches (89 cm) in women.
- Triglyceride level: 150 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) or
- HDL cholesterol level: Less than 40 mg/dL in men and less than 50 mg/dL in
- Blood pressure: 130/85 mm Hg or
- Fasting blood sugar: 100 mg/dL or
How you could prevent this malady are:
Healthy Diet
A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins can help manage weight and improve blood sugar and cholesterol levels.
Regular Physical Activity
Exercise, such as walking, swimming, or cycling, for at least 30 minutes most days of the week can help reduce weight and improve heart health.
Weight Loss
Losing even a small amount of weight can significantly reduce metabolic syndrome risk factors.
Medications: In some cases, medications may be needed to control high blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and blood sugar. Common medications include:
- Antihypertensives: To lower blood
- Statins: To reduce cholesterol
- Metformin: To improve insulin sensitivity and lower blood
Conclusion
Metabolic syndrome is a serious health condition that requires attention and management. However, regrettably, there are no early symptoms, and one tends to maintain a ‘jolly life’.
By understanding the risk factors and making appropriate lifestyle changes, individuals can significantly reduce their risk of developing associated diseases and improve their overall health. Regular check-ups with healthcare providers are essential to effectively monitor and manage the syndrome.
You’re more likely to get it as you age and may have some genes that raise your odds. There’s not much you can do about that. But you can make other changes to prevent the condition and lower the chances you’ll get coronary heart disease, heart attacks, and type 2 diabetes.
I hope this article has helped promote a healthy and fulfilling life.
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