Why would I grow sweet basil in Kandy? – By Dr Harold Gunatillake – OAM
In 2022, Sri Lanka experienced a nearly 50% drop in food production. The country is now beginning its gradual process of rebuilding and recuperation. However, it is still not out of the woods – the World Food Programme (WFP) has warned that the food crisis in Sri Lanka is likely to worsen amid poor agricultural production, price spikes, and a prolonged economic crisis, with an estimated 6.3 million people likely to experience moderate to severe food insecurity.
============================================
When I returned to Sri Lanka and settled in our Kandy Villa, I brought basil seeds that I had purchased at Bunnings in Sydney.
Why basil? Because it’s not just a herb; it’s a cultural icon. Basil, known as the ‘king of herbs,’ is an ancient culinary treasure. It is considered a sacred plant in India and is central to vibrant Hindu mythology. The word basil is derived from the Greek word for king, basileus. In Ayurveda, the traditional medical system of India, tulsi, informally known as holy basil, is revered for its ability to reassure the mind, nourish the spirit, and promote digestion. This rich cultural and medicinal heritage is why I chose to grow basil in Kandy.
Basil is not just a flavorful herb; it’s also a stressbuster. With over 150 varieties, each with a unique flavour, basil is a culinary delight. The traditional sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) is a staple in many Italian and Mediterranean dishes, while Indonesian and Vietnamese varieties are known for their distinct spicy, clove-like flavour. However, basil’s health benefits extend beyond its taste. It’s a global health superstar, with potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and adaptogenic properties. These adaptogenic properties are particularly noteworthy, as they help the body adapt to stress. Holy basil, also known as Ocimum sanctum, Ocimum tenuiflorum, or tulsi, is a different species that has been extensively studied and shown to enhance immunity, adapt to stress, and reduce inflammation, among other benefits.
Basil is not just a flavorful herb; it’s a powerhouse of nutrition. Packed with vitamin A and carotenoids like beta-carotene, it’s a boon for eye health and has
potential anti-carcinogenic properties. The abundance of iron in basil supports a healthy metabolism and hormonal and organ functions. It also aids in the production of haemoglobin, which is crucial for the body, especially for children, and in the fight against anaemia. Along with potassium and B complex vitamins, basil leaves are a nutritious source of essential energy. Research has even shown that the aromatic oils from basil can enhance the body’s utilisation of beta-carotene, further boosting its nutritional value.
Antioxidant Properties of Basil
Basil contains various plant-derived antioxidants, a characteristic important due to the role of oxidative stress in many chronic diseases. These antioxidants combat oxidative damage by neutralising free radicals, which can accumulate in the body from various sources, including UV exposure, pollution, and unhealthy diets. In doing so, antioxidants reduce inflammation and protect body tissues from oxidative stress caused by these pesky free radicals.
One study found that after men with hyperlipidemia consumed 30 millilitres of basil leaf extract per day for four weeks, their levels of antioxidant activity increased. Another study investigated the results of giving birds 300 milligrams of sweet basil leaf extract, revealing that the birds expended less energy during physical exertion and maintained lower body temperatures. This was taken as an indicator of increased antioxidant activity, which resulted in positive effects on the birds’ final body weight.
Additionally, using sweet basil in foods preserves meat colour, improves tenderness, reduces oxidation, and extends expiration dates. Other antioxidants have been identified in basil, including flavonoids, polyphenols, terpenes like linalool, and many other volatile oils. These chemicals and compounds have been found to reduce platelet aggregation and inflammatory free radicals, while also positively impacting blood pressure, cholesterol, blood sugar, and other related factors.
Almonds, grapes, and blueberries also contain the flavonoid antioxidants that sweet basil contains. Plant based diets rich in antioxidants have been linked to improved overall health and longevity, whereas consuming a low-antioxidant diet is strongly associated with non-communicable diseases and increased mortality.
Basil has significant health benefits due to its anti inflammatory effects. Compounds in basil that reduce inflammation can benefit individuals trying to lose weight or who are at risk for heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and high blood pressure. The antioxidant-rich compounds in basil offer it potential anti-inflammatory effects, which are essential for reducing the risk of chronic conditions such as cancer, diabetes, and heart disease. Basil’s flavonoids, essential oils, and other plant compounds, such as estragol, linalool, and eugenol, contribute to its anti inflammatory properties. For example, eugenol found in basil has been shown to inhibit the activity of an enzyme called cyclooxygenase, which can contribute to inflammation. Additionally, the essential oils in basil may prevent inflammation at the cellular level.
When you consume basil, certain compounds from the herb travel through your body and reach the cells. Once inside, they might help reduce inflammation by interacting with antioxidant enzymes and other mechanisms. In laboratory tests, these anti-inflammatory compounds in basil have shielded cell structures and chromosomes from radiation and oxidative stress. The potential anti-inflammatory effect is also observed in individuals who regularly incorporate basil into their diet. 5. Potential Anti-Cancer Properties of Basil.
Basil contains many compounds that may work to protect your cells and tissues from damage that contributes to the growth and progression of cancer, as well as help treat cancer through alternative means. Compounds such as eugenol found in basil have been shown to exhibit anti cancer-like properties. Available research provides ample evidence for basil’s beneficial effects on health. Many labs have reported the antioxidant properties of various basil compounds. Basil contains flavonoids and polyphenolic compounds known for their potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Basil compounds can support health, and their traditional uses suggest that further benefits may yet be discovered.
Basil is recognised for its significant health benefits, primarily due to its anti-inflammatory properties. Compounds in basil that reduce inflammation can benefit individuals trying to lose weight or who are at risk for heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and high blood pressure. The antioxidant-rich compounds in basil offer it potential anti inflammatory effects, which are essential for reducing the risk of chronic conditions such as cancer, diabetes, and heart disease. Basil’s flavonoids, essential oils, and other
plant compounds, such as estragol, linalool, and eugenol, contribute to its anti-inflammatory properties. For example, eugenol found in basil has been shown to inhibit the activity of an enzyme called cyclooxygenase, which can contribute to inflammation. Additionally, the essential oils in basil may prevent inflammation at the cellular level. When you consume basil, certain compounds from the herb travel through your body and reach the cells. Once inside, they might help reduce inflammation by interacting with antioxidant enzymes and other mechanisms. In laboratory tests, these anti-inflammatory compounds in basil have shielded cell structures and chromosomes from radiation and oxidative stress. The potential anti-inflammatory effect is also observed in individuals who regularly incorporate basil into their diet.
I encourage my readers to grow basil in their back or front gardens, knowing it offers excellent health benefits.
What is the best way to grow basil?
Where to Plant Basil
Basil loves the sun, so choose a location that receives at least six to eight hours of sunlight each day. It can thrive in partial sun as well. While it’s not overly particular about soil, it performs best in well-drained soil rich in organic matter. Containers and raised beds are excellent options since they allow for good drainage.
“Gardening is a work of the heart.”
End
