The Archaeology of Polonnaruwa: A Journey Through Sri Lanka’s Medieval Capital-by Kalani-eLanka Polonnaruwa, a city steeped in history and archaeological significance, served as the second capital of Sri Lanka after the fall of Anuradhapura in 993 AD. This UNESCO World Heritage Site, located in the North Central Province of Sri Lanka, is renowned for its well-preserved ruins of ancient structures and monuments that reflect the grandeur and architectural prowess of the medieval Sinhalese civilization. Polonnaruwa’s rise to prominence began in the 10th century AD, during the reign of the Chola dynasty. However, it was under King Vijayabahu I (1055-1110 AD) that Polonnaruwa became the capital of the Sinhalese kingdom, following the liberation from Chola rule. The city reached its zenith under King Parakramabahu I (1153-1186 AD), whose reign marked a period of extensive construction and development. 1. Royal Palace Complex The Royal Palace of King Parakramabahu I is one of ...